In turn, maize was cultivated on approximately 21.2 million hectares, had a production of 115 million tons, and had an average growth of 3.2 million t year −1 2.ĭespite the positive scenario of soybean and maize in Brazil, biotic and abiotic factors generate great concerns, causing huge losses in grain yield and quality. In the 2021/2022 harvest, soybean was cultivated on approximately 40.8 million hectares, with a production of 122.2 million t and an average growth of 5.7 million t year −1 during the last 10 years.
Approximately 23% of foreign sales in this segment come from the soy complex (grain, meal, and oil) and 8% from maize 1. Thus, the Ag75 strain has great potential for developing a multifunctional microbial inoculant that combines the ability to solubilize phosphate, promote plant growth, and be a biocontrol agent for several phytopathogenic fungi.Īgribusiness is an essential sector of the Brazilian economy, representing 27.4% of the gross domestic product (GDP) and 40.6% (US$ 9.9 billion) of exports in 2021. In addition, the inoculation results did not differ from the control with 84 kg P 2O 5, indicating that it is possible to reduce the application of phosphate in these crops. In field experiments, the inoculation of this bacterium increased maize and soybean yields by 17.8 and 26.5%, respectively, compared to the control (25 kg P 2O 5). This strain was identified through genomic sequencing as Bacillus velezensis. Based on this study, strain 03 (Ag75) was selected due to its high potential for increasing biomass (root and shoot) and shoot P content in maize. Then, they were evaluated as growth promoters in maize under greenhouse conditions. Bacterial strains with high indole acetic acid (IAA) production, phosphate solubilization, and antifungal activity against soil pathogenic fungi ( Rhizoctonia solani, Macrophomina phaseolina, and Fusarium solani) were selected from the maize rhizosphere.
In this sense, the objective of the present work was to select and validate bacterial strains with triple action (plant growth promoter, phosphate solubilizer, and biocontrol agent) in maize and soybean, aiming to develop a multifunctional microbial inoculant for Brazilian agriculture.
The use of multifunctional rhizobacteria can be considered one of these alternatives. Searching for alternatives to improve the use of P by crops is essential to reduce the demand for P input. Thus, large amounts of phosphate fertilizers are regularly applied to overcome the rapid precipitation of P. Phosphorus (P) deficiency is important among the abiotic factors because most Brazilian soils have a highly P-fixing nature. However, biotic and abiotic factors are of great concern, causing huge grain yield and quality losses.
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Soybean and maize are some of the main drivers of Brazilian agribusiness.
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